해부학과 생리학에 대해 호기심을 갖는 것은 당연한 일입니다. 해부학과 생리학에 대한 지식은 즐거움, 신체적, 정신적 건강, 삶의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 잠재력을 높여줍니다. 개인적인 호기심을 넘어 성 파트너와 해부학 및 생리학에 대해 사려 깊은 대화를 나누면 잘못된 의사소통, 의도하지 않은 임신, 성병 감염, 성기능 장애의 가능성을 줄일 수 있습니다. 마지막으로, 가장 중요한 것은 성적 호기심, 욕망, 뇌의 능력 뒤에 있는 생물학적, 심리적 동기를 모두 이해하는 것이 관계의 건강을 증진할 수 있다는 것입니다.

• Birth control
• Erogenous zones
• Orgasm
• Pregnancy
• Safer sex
• Sexual anatomy
• Sexual dysfunctions
• Sexual physiology
• Sexual response cycle
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Vulva

Learning Objectives

• Explain why people are curious about their own sexual anatomies and physiologies.
• List the sexual organs of the female and male. 
• Describe the sexual response cycle. 
• Distinguish between pleasure and reproduction as motives behind sexuality. 
• Compare the central nervous system motivating sexual behaviors to the autonomic nervous system motivating sexual behaviors.
• Discuss the relationship between pregnancy and birth control.
• Analyze how sexually transmitted infections are associated with sexual behaviors. 
• Understand the effects of sexual dysfunctions and their treatments on sexual behaviors.

• 사람들이 자신의 성 해부학과 생리에 대해 궁금해하는 이유를 설명하세요.
  여성과 남성의 성기를 나열합니다. 
  성적 반응 주기를 설명하십시오. 
  성행위의 동기로 쾌락과 생식을 구별합니다. 
  성적 행동에 동기를 부여하는 중추 신경계와 성적 행동에 동기를 부여하는 자율 신경계를 비교하십시오.
  임신과 피임의 관계에 대해 토론하십시오.
  성병이 성행위와 어떻게 연관되어 있는지 분석합니다. 
  성기능 장애와 그 치료가 성 행동에 미치는 영향을 이해합니다.

Outside Resources

Journal: The Journal of Sex Research

http://www.sexscience.org/journal_of_sex_research/

Journal: The Journal of Sexual Medicine

http://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/

Organization: Advocates for Youth partners with youth leaders, adult allies, and youth-serving organizations to advocate for policies and champion programs that recognize young people’s rights to honest sexual health information; accessible, confidential, and affordable sexual health services; and the resources and opportunities necessary to create sexual health equity for all youth.

http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/

Organization: SIECUS - the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States - was founded in 1964 to provide education and information about sexuality and sexual and reproductive health.

http://www.siecus.org/

Organization: The Guttmacher Institute is a leading research and policy organization committed to advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights in the United States and globally.

https://www.guttmacher.org/

Video: 5MIweekly—YouTube channel with weekly videos that playfully and scientifically examine human sexuality.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFQ0vPPNPS-LYhlbKOzpFw

Video: Sexplanations—YouTube channel with shame-free educational videos on everything sex.

https://www.youtube.com/user/sexplanations

Video: YouTube - AsapSCIENCE

https://www.youtube.com/user/AsapSCIENCE

Web: Kinsey Confidential—Podcast with empirically-based answers about sexual questions.

http://kinseyconfidential.org/

Web: Sex & Psychology Web: Sex & Psychology—Blog about the science of sex, love, and relationships.

http://www.lehmiller.com/

Discussion Questions

1. Consider your own source(s) of sexual anatomy and physiology information previous to this module. Discuss at least three of your own prior sexual beliefs challenged by the content of this module.
2. Pretend you are tasked with teaching a group of adolescents about sexual anatomy, but with a twist: You must teach through the lens of pleasure instead of reproduction. What would your talking points be? Be sure to incorporate the role of the brain in evoking sexual pleasure.
3. Given how universal and similar the sexual response cycle is for both males and females, why do you think males enter a refractory period during the resolution phase and females do not? Consider potential evolutionary reasons for why this occurs.
4. Imagine yourself as a developing human being from conception to birth. Using a first-person point of view, create a commentary that addresses the significant milestones achieved in each trimester.
5. Pretend your hypothetical adolescent daughter has expressed interest in birth control. During her appointment with a health care provider, what are some factors that should be considered prior to selecting the best birth control method for her?
6. Describe at least three ways you can reduce your chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection.
7. How can practicing safer sex enhance your well-being?
8. As discussed within the module, numerous influences contribute to the development and maintenance of a sexual dysfunction, such as, adverse sexual attitudes and beliefs. Which influences, if any, can you relate to? How do you plan on addressing those influences to achieve optimal sexual health?

Vocabulary

Abstinence

Avoiding any sexual behaviors that may lead to conception.

Age of viability

The age at which a fetus can survive outside of the uterus.

Barrier forms of birth control

Methods in which sperm is prevented from entering the uterus, either through physical or chemical barriers.

Cervix

The lower portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

Chromosomal sex

Also known as genetic sex; defined by the 23rd set of chromosomes.

Clitoris

A sensitive and erectile part of the vulva; its main function is to initiate orgasms.

Conception

Occurs typically within the fallopian tube, when a single sperm fertilizes an ovum cell.

Cowper's glands

Glands that produce a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidity due to urine.

Emergency contraception

A form of birth control used in a variety of circumstances, such as after unprotected sex, condom mishaps, or sexual assault.

Epididymis

A twisted duct that matures, stores, and transports sperm cells into the vas deferens.

Erogenous zones

Highly sensitive areas of the body.

Excitement phase

The activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system defines this phase of the sexual response cycle; heart rate and breathing accelerate, along with increased blood flow to the penis, vaginal walls, clitoris, and nipples.

Fallopian tubes

The female’s internal sex organ where fertilization is most likely to occur.

Foreskin

The skin covering the glans or head of the penis.

Glans penis

The highly sensitive head of the penis, associated with initiating orgasms.

Hormonal forms of birth control

Methods by which synthetic estrogen or progesterone are released to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.

Introitus

The vaginal opening to the outside of the body.

Labia majora

The “large lips” enclosing and protecting the female internal sex organs.

Labia minora

The “small lips” surrounding and defining the openings of the vagina and urethra.

Menstruation

The process by which ova as well as the lining of the uterus are discharged from the vagina after fertilization does not occur.

Mullerian ducts

Primitive female internal sex organs.

Myotonia

Involuntary muscular movements, such as facial grimaces, that occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle.

Natural forms of birth control

Methods that rely on knowledge of the menstrual cycle and awareness of the body.

Neuroimaging techniques

Seeing and measuring live and active brains by such techniques as electroencephalography (EEG), computerized axial tomography (CAT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Orgasm phase

The shortest, but most pleasurable, phase of the sexual response cycle.

Orgasmic platform

The tightening of the outer third of the vaginal walls during the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle.

Ovaries

The glands housing the ova and producing progesterone, estrogen, and small amounts of testosterone.

Ovulation

When ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

Oxytocin

A neurotransmitter that regulates bonding and sexual reproduction.

Penis

The most prominent external sex organ in males; it has three main functions: initiating orgasm, and transporting semen and urine outside of the body.

Plateau phase

The phase of the sexual response cycle in which blood flow, heart rate, and breathing intensify.

Plethysmography

The measuring of changes in blood - or airflow - to organs.

Pregnancy

The time in which a female carries a developing human within her uterus.

Primitive gonads

Reproductive structures in embryos that will eventually develop into ovaries or testes.

Prostate gland

A male gland that releases prostatic fluid to nourish sperm cells.

Quickening

The feeling of fetal movement.

Refractory period

Time following male ejaculation in which he is unresponsive to sexual stimuli.

Resolution phase

The phase of the sexual response cycle in which the body returns to a pre-aroused state.

Safer-sex practices

Doing anything that may decrease the probability of sexual assault, sexually transmitted infections, or unwanted pregnancy; these may include using condoms, honesty, and communication.

Scrotum

The sac of skin behind and below the penis, containing the testicles.

Semen

The fluid that sperm cells are transported within.

Seminal vesicles

Glands that provide sperm cells the energy that allows them to move.

Sexual dysfunctions

A range of clinically significant impairments in a person’s ability to experience pleasure or respond sexually as outlined by the sexual response cycle.

Sexual response cycle

Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Infections primarily transmitted through social sexual behaviors.

Skene’s glands

Also called minor vestibular glands, these glands are on the anterior wall of the vagina and are associated with female ejaculation.

Somatosensory cortex

A portion of the parietal cortex that processes sensory information from the skin.

Testicles

Also called testes—the glands producing testosterone, progesterone, small amounts of estrogen, and sperm cells.

Trimesters

Phases of gestation, beginning with the last menstrual period and ending about 40 weeks later; each trimester is roughly 13 weeks in length.

Urethra

The tube that carries urine and semen outside of the body.

Uterus

Also called the womb—the female’s internal sex organ where offspring develop until birth.

Vagina

Also called the birth canal—a muscular canal that spans from the cervix to the introitus, it acts as a transport mechanism for sperm cells coming in, and menstrual fluid and babies going out.

Vas deferens

A muscular tube that transports mature sperm to the urethra.

Vasectomy

A surgical form of birth control in males, in which the vas deferens is intentionally damaged.

Vestibular glands (VGs)

Also called major vestibular glands, these glands are located just to the left and right of the vagina, and produce lubrication to aid in sexual intercourse.

Vulva

The female’s external sex organs.

Wolffian ducts

Primitive male internal sex organs.

Zygote

Fertilized ovum.

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Authors

• 

  Don Lucas

  Dr. Don Lucas is a Professor of Psychology and Coordinator of the Psychology Department at Northwest Vista College in San Antonio, Texas. His teaching over the past three decades has earned him a number of accolades, including the Minnie Stevens Piper Professor Award. He is the author of Being: Your Happiness, Pleasure, and Contentment.

• 

  Jennifer Fox

  Jennifer Fox is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Advisor of Psi Beta at Northwest Vista College in San Antonio, Texas. As a Human Sexuality Educator and a mother of a spirited 6-year-old daughter, she is passionate about promoting sexual literacy for all ages.

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