감정은 중요한 기능을 가지고 있기 때문에 우리 삶에서 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이 모듈에서는 감정의 개인 내적 기능, 대인 관계적 기능, 사회적 및 문화적 기능의 세 가지 영역으로 나누어 이러한 기능에 대해 설명합니다. 감정의 개인 내적 기능 섹션에서는 감정이 우리 각 개인 내에서 수행하는 역할을 설명하고, 감정의 대인 관계 기능 섹션에서는 감정이 다른 사람과의 관계에서 갖는 의미를 설명하며, 감정의 사회 및 문화적 기능 섹션에서는 사회와 문화 전반의 유지와 효과적인 기능에 대한 감정의 역할과 의미를 설명합니다. 전반적으로 감정은 우리 개인, 집단 내 타인과의 관계, 사회 전체에 의미와 기능을 갖는 심리 구성의 매우 중요한 측면이라는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

• Action
• Behavior
• Cultural Display Rules
• Emotion
• Evolution
• Interpersonal Function
• Intrapersonal Function
• Social and Cultural Function

학습 목표

• Gain an appreciation of the importance of emotion in human life.
• Understand the functions and meanings of emotion in three areas of life: the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social–cultural.
• Give examples of the role and function of emotion in each of the three areas described.

• 인간의 삶에서 감정의 중요성에 대한 이해를 높입니다.
  삶의 세 가지 영역인 개인 내, 대인 관계, 사회 문화적 영역에서 감정의 기능과 의미를 이해합니다.
  설명한 세 가지 영역 각각에서 감정의 역할과 기능에 대한 예를 제시합니다.

Outside Resources

Alberta, G. M., Rieckmann, T. R., & Rush, J. D. (2000). Issues and recommendations for teaching an ethnic/culture-based course. Teaching of Psychology, 27,102-107. doi:10.1207/S15328023TOP2702_05

http://top.sagepub.com/content/27/2/102.short

CrashCourse (2014, August 4). Feeling all the feels: Crash course psychology #25. [Video file]. Retrieved from:

Hughesm A. (2011). Exercises and demonstrations to promote student engagement in motivation and courses. In R. Miller, E. Balcetis, S. Burns, D. Daniel, B. Saville, & W. Woody (Eds.), Promoting Student Engagement: Volume 2: Activities, Exercises and Demonstrations for Psychology Courses. (pp. 79-82) Washington DC, Society for the Teaching of Psychology, American Psychological Association.

http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/pse2011/vol2/index.php

Johnston, E., & Olson, L. (2015). The feeling brain: The biology and psychology of emotions. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.

http://books.wwnorton.com/books/The-Feeling-Brain/

NPR News: Science Of Sadness And Joy: 'Inside Out' Gets Childhood Emotions Right

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/13/413980258/science-of-sadness-and-joy-inside-out-gets-childhood-emotions-right

Online Psychology Laboratory: Motivation and Emotion resources

http://opl.apa.org/Resources.aspx#Motivation

Web: See how well you can read other people’s facial expressions of emotion

http://www.humintell.com/free-demos/

Discussion Questions

1. When emotions occur, why do they simultaneously activate certain physiological and psychological systems in the body and deactivate others?
2. Why is it difficult for people to act rationally and think happy thoughts when they are angry? Conversely, why is it difficult to remember sad memories or have sad thoughts when people are happy?
3. You’re walking down a deserted street when you come across a stranger who looks scared. What would you say? What would you do? Why?
4. You’re walking down a deserted street when you come across a stranger who looks angry. What would you say? What would you do? Why?
5. Think about the messages children receive from their environment (such as from parents, mass media, the Internet, Hollywood movies, billboards, and storybooks). In what ways do these messages influence the kinds of emotions that children should and should not feel?

Vocabulary

Cultural display rules

These are rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances. Cultural display rules can work in a number of different ways. For example, they can require individuals to express emotions “as is” (i.e., as they feel them), to exaggerate their expressions to show more than what is actually felt, to tone down their expressions to show less than what is actually felt, to conceal their feelings by expressing something else, or to show nothing at all.

Interpersonal

This refers to the relationship or interaction between two or more individuals in a group. Thus, the interpersonal functions of emotion refer to the effects of one’s emotion on others, or to the relationship between oneself and others.

Intrapersonal

This refers to what occurs within oneself. Thus, the intrapersonal functions of emotion refer to the effects of emotion to individuals that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically inside their minds.

Social and cultural

Society refers to a system of relationships between individuals and groups of individuals; culture refers to the meaning and information afforded to that system that is transmitted across generations. Thus, the social and cultural functions of emotion refer to the effects that emotions have on the functioning and maintenance of societies and cultures.

Social referencing

This refers to the process whereby individuals look for information from others to clarify a situation, and then use that information to act. Thus, individuals will often use the emotional expressions of others as a source of information to make decisions about their own behavior.

References

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Authors

• 

  Hyisung Hwang

  Hyisung C. Hwang is Research Scientist at Humintell and Adjunct Faculty at San Francisco State University. She is co-creator of many training tools that teach individuals how to recognize facial expressions of emotion, an author of a number of scientific publications, and co-editor of Nonverbal Communication: Science and Applications.

• 

  David Matsumoto

  David Matsumoto is Professor of Psychology at San Francisco State University and Director of Humintell. He has studied culture, nonverbal behavior, emotion, facial expressions, and gestures for over 30 years, and has conducted much of the seminal research in these fields, publishing over 150 journal articles in peer-reviewed, scientific journals.

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